1 Review of the introduction of offset printing technology in newspaper industry in China
Before 1985, there were about 1,000 newspapers in China, and all newspapers were printed and printed using lead and lead printing. Lead row is manual typesetting, and most of the lead printing uses web printing rotary printing. This traditional printing process is not only inefficient, laborious, laborious, environmental pollution, prone to lead poisoning, but also has a long publishing cycle, poor printing quality, can not satisfy people’s need for cultural progress, and is in urgent need of journalism after the reform and opening up. The objective requirements of development. The backward technology of the newspaper publishing and printing industry has constrained the development of China’s newspaper industry. At that time, in order to solve this problem, the "7481 Project" was initiated. Under the leadership of the State Economic Commission, the "National Printing Technology Equipment Coordination Group" was established, and a 16-character guideline of "Laser photocopying, electronic color separation, offset printing, and binding linkage" was proposed. It opened a new chapter in the transformation of China's printing technology. In this situation, the newspaper industry actively joined the ranks of research and transformation. In 1985, the computer laser Chinese character input, editing, and tabloid layout experiment conducted by Xinhua News Agency was successful; in 1987, the computer laser Chinese character large newspaper edition typesetting system experiment conducted by the Economic Daily was successful, and it was the national newspaper publishing and printing technology transformation shop. Tune the road. In 1985, a few newspapers along the coast took the lead in the introduction of offset rotary presses. From 1993 to 1993, the printing plants in the country with a total size of about 1,800 newspapers eliminated all lead-lead and lead-printing technologies and completed laser phototypesetting and offset printing of newspapers. The complete renovation of the new process production system.
Before 1988, China had about 600 rotary printers. By the end of 1998, China’s newspaper industry already had nearly 1,100 printing units for offset printing machines. The total printing capacity was three times that of 10 years ago. Through more than 10 years of technological transformation, China’s newspaper industry has greatly enhanced its own development potential, and at the same time it has also promoted the rapid development of China’s journalism and newspaper industry. According to statistics, in 1988 there were about 922 kinds of newspapers in the country, and the total printing volume was about 22.2 billion pairs. By 1998, the number of newspapers in China had reached 2,253 kinds, an increase of 122.67, and the total number of printed newspapers had reached 54 billion pairs. 143.24%.
2 The development of offset printing equipment has enabled China’s newspaper industry to achieve multi-version colorization
　　 Before 1992, most of China's major newspapers published a four-day edition every day. Since 1993, with the development of the market economy, the demand for information from readers has increased, and the volume of advertisements has continued to increase. Each newspaper has started to gradually expand its version. Central level The newspapers, as well as the provincial and municipal newspapers, expanded to the 12th, 16th, 24th, and even 48th editions. Due to the introduction of offset printing technology into newspaper printing production, the use of laser photocopying and image scanning, color separation, and computer typesetting in prepress technology has been promoted, and with the continuous upgrading and improvement of the newspaper publishing processing system, the newspaper's color publication and printing has become a reality. Before 1993, there were almost no color newspapers. Some newspaper companies could only issue a color report at major festivals or events. In 1994, there were newspapers starting daily newspapers. In 1996, there were only about 50 kinds of color newspapers in the country. By the end of 1998, there were more than 400 kinds of color newspapers in the country. According to statistical data, in 2002 there were 742 newspaper printing factories in China, of which about 650 were printed by web offset printing machines. As of the first half of 2002, there were altogether 1255 imported offset presses, 942 domestic offset presses, and 2,200 offset presses, which was three times the national press's completion of offset printing in 1993. The total volume of newspapers printed also increased from 8.7 billion pairs opened in 1993 to 106.7 billion pairs opened in 2002, an increase of 3.7 times.
Due to the introduction of offset printing equipment, China's newspaper industry has benefited greatly from the development of the market economy. In a short span of 20 years, both social benefits and economic benefits have received tremendous gains and contributed to China’s economic development. At the same time, the newspaper industry has accelerated the pace of its own technological transformation and has continuously invested the economic benefits obtained in the technological transformation. The front-end realizes the acquisition and editing of the network and shortens the time for newspaper layout; the back-end printing equipment has also entered the second offset printing machine introduction and expansion, laying a solid foundation for the publication and printing of multi-version and colorized newspapers in order to adapt The increasingly competitive newspaper market. Through the second transformation of press offset technology equipment, not only has China's newspaper printing achieved multiple editions of colorization, but also it has enabled China's press industry to achieve world-class advanced technical equipment for the offset printing and reporting lines.
3 The application of offset printing equipment has led to a tremendous transformation in China's newspaper industry
　　 The technological transformation of China’s newspaper industry started from the realization of offset printing. After more than 20 years of application and development, the strength of China’s newspaper industry has been continuously enhanced and expanded.
The newspaper industry technology revolution started in China’s press industry, which started with the introduction of offset printing technology equipment, has enabled the newspaper industry to make strides in the application of new technologies and new equipment. With the gradual completion of technological transformation, the newspaper industry has greatly improved its publishing and printing capabilities. With the rapid development of the market economy, the newspaper industry's revenue in advertising is also very rich. In other words, the newspaper industry has obtained considerable returns from technological transformation, the economic strength has been greatly strengthened, and the strength of running a newspaper has also been increased synchronously, and considerable capital accumulation has been completed. In order to obtain greater development, the newspapers are no longer satisfied with the status quo of only one or two newspapers. Multi-reporting, multiple publications, and diversified operations have become an inevitable trend in the development of the newspaper industry. At the same time, the way of grouping is also placed in front of major newspapers. At present, most newspapers at the central, provincial and municipal levels have established newspaper groups (there were 39 newspaper groups nationwide in 2003). The establishment of the newspaper group pave the way for the newspaper industry to realize resource integration, intensive management, and capital operation. When a group is formed, it must be managed and operated in accordance with the group's methods. The original organization and management model of the newspaper must be changed. Therefore, we can understand in this way that the introduction of offset printing technology has caused a fundamental change in the production technology and management model of the newspaper industry. With the completion of the technological transformation of the newspaper industry, modern newspaper production has achieved computer programming, networked operation, laser photocopying, satellite transmission, and multi-version color offset printing. The newspaper's production capacity and economic strength have been greatly improved. This has further promoted the newspaper industry to take a group-oriented development path and prompted the newspaper industry to carry out changes in mechanisms and systems to achieve greater and faster development.
4 Outlook Offset Printing Technology and Future Press Development
Although the printing of newspapers in China has developed rapidly in the last 20 years and has reached a scale, from a global perspective, from the perspective of China’s sustained economic growth and people’s cultural needs, China’s newspaper publishing still has a large development. Space, the number of newspapers will increase due to the needs of readers and the market. Therefore, in the next few years, the increase in the printing volume of newspapers will still be maintained at about 10% per year. Newspaper printing houses will still feel that the printing capacity is insufficient; on the other hand, the newspaper market will be more competitive.
In addition to multi-color editions of newspapers, the requirements for publishing timeliness and printing quality of newspapers will become higher and higher. With the needs of advertisers and the need for publicity, the format of newspapers will show a variety of changes. The use of coated paper, offset paper, and newsprint paper in newspaper printing has raised new issues for the development of newspaper printing. The combination of offset printing presses and semi-commercial and commercial web presses has become a reality, and it also provides a broad space for the development of newspaper printing factories in the next few years.
At present, each newspaper group has attached great importance to the newspaper printing department in formulating development plans. This not only speeds up the transformation and reform of the printing department's system and mechanism, but also regards its operation as an important part of enhancing the group's overall strength and competitiveness. The future development of newspaper printing companies will be based on newspapers. On this basis, the business will be extended to the high-end business printing industry, open up market operations, and cultivate new profit growth points. Therefore, the business scope of the newspaper printing plant will continue to expand, from a single newspaper production to an integrated printing plant that can print and print commercial prints, books, magazines, packaging and decorating products, gradually adopting diversified and multi-variety products. Business strategy. At present, Offset Transfer Machine is a more advanced generation, namely non-shaft drive, color automatic tracking system, color multi-version and high-speed offset rotary production line. In addition, sheet-fed offset printing equipment will also be introduced. Driven by the technology update of offset printing equipment, newspaper printing enterprises will gradually follow up on CTP plate-making technology and equipment in the coming period, becoming one of the key projects for technological transformation. According to statistics, at the end of 2001, there were 20 sets of CTP plate-making equipment in the national newspaper industry, and it had grown to 30 sets at the end of 2002. At the end of May 2004, it reached 56 more. The post-press processing system that is matched with the offset printing rotary press will also become a key project for the transformation, namely the development of intelligent automatic processing systems such as automatic transmission, points, stacking, and distribution.
Through the above statements, we can see that offset printing technology and equipment have indeed played a very important role in the development of China’s newspaper industry. To sum up, the introduction of offset printing technology into the newspaper industry led to the first technological revolution in the newspaper industry, which included printing lead from lead to bid farewell to lead and fire, and achieved a new process of laser photocopying and offset printing. As a result of the completion of technological transformation, it brought huge economic benefits to the newspaper industry, followed by a second technological revolution, which enabled the acquisition and editing of the network and the multi-color edition of newspapers to be carried out in an institutional and institutional manner. Only by reforming and enhancing market competitiveness can we be stronger and bigger and achieve greater development. Therefore, we can conclude that offset printing technology has contributed to the development of our newspaper industry. In the future development, although new technology products such as newsletters and electronic papers will emerge, they will add new space for the development of the newspaper industry. However, in the short term, it will not be possible to completely replace the increasingly perfect offset printing technology and paper products. Newspaper products.
