Whether it is an essay or an invariable creed, the press and publication bureaus, publishing groups, and publishing headquarters of other countries that have authority to promulgate textbook printing business have adopted “national or provincial fixed points†as alternatives when discussing the criteria for selecting printing companies. One of the conditions that companies must have. Although the writers understated, but the fixed point or not directly determines the status of various types of printing companies in the textbook printing business competition. To be precise, due to the existence of this standard, many printing companies are simply deprived of the qualification to participate in the game. However, even companies with fixed-point qualifications do not have to cheer for this. Because “fixed-point†is only a necessary but not a sufficient condition for printing textbooks, to truly stand out among many fixed-point companies, obtaining a textbook printing business is by no means as simple as clarifying one or two standards.
Lucky
In the competition of textbook printing business, printing companies directly under the press and publication bureaus of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are absolutely fortunate. A survey shows that at present, more than 50% of the textbook printing business in China is obtained by the companies directly under the press and publication bureaus in different parts of the country. According to the figures disclosed by some industry sources, this proportion has reached 80%.
If under the pre-set conditions - "printing textbook printing business must be a two-tier fixed-enterprise" choice, this is almost an impeccable result. First of all, the enterprises directly subordinated to provincial-level press and publication bureaus are basically two-tier fixed-point enterprises, and the vast majority are national fixed-points. Qualified, they are unquestionable. Secondly, from a comprehensive perspective of quality, price, cycle, and reputation, each directly-owned company has obvious advantages in companies that have qualifications for printing. Although there is no express provision, the issuance of fixed-point corporate certificates is obviously biased. At least for now, most of the fixed-point companies are state-owned enterprises. In the state-owned enterprises, due to the great care given by the press and publication bureaus in terms of capital, business, and equipment, the direct enterprises in most localities are the best among the local state-owned printing companies. The level of technology and production capacity are State-owned enterprises are first-rate. The reason why the press and publication bureaus, which have the final choice of the textbook printing companies, have assigned most of their businesses to their own directly-affiliated companies is based on this.
However, non-conference speakers are already audible. Spearheaded by the choice of printing companies, the Press and Publications Bureau as industry executives and business executives, may be partial favor and care of the immediate enterprises. This is a reasonable question. With the current close ties with the companies directly under the jurisdiction of the press and publishing bureaus, even if the press and publication bureaus are not biased when choosing a printing company, they will inevitably cause suspicions and use the words of an unnamed CEO. It is said that since the direct-affiliated companies have sufficient ability to win the competition in the textbook printing business, why should the Press and Publication Bureau "designate" it? In fact, even most directly-affiliated companies do not know for themselves, whether it is their own strength in the textbook printing business competition, or the special attention of the competent authorities. The most direct evidence: It is because of fear of losing the close relationship with the Press and Publication Bureau that it will lose its textbook printing business. The vast majority of directly-owned companies have done nothing in the current wave of printing companies restructuring. It is not a rumor that these companies are directly concerned because textbooks are of great significance to their lives and deaths. It is also in order to dispel this concern of the directly-affiliated enterprises. When the press and publication bureaus of some provinces and cities encourage the conversion of directly-affiliated enterprises, they will not reduce the supply of textbook printing services as one of the preferential conditions.
Aside from the choice of textbook printing companies, the Press and Publication Bureau did not say anything about privacy, and the over-reliance of textbook companies on the printing business of textbooks was enough to attract sufficient attention from all parties. After the loss of textbook printing business, concerns about the survival of enterprises have at least shown that the direct enterprises lacked sufficient confidence in their market competitiveness and new product development capabilities. At the same time, the over-single product structure of direct-affiliated enterprises (accounting for 80% of the company's annual business volume in some corporate textbook business) has greatly reduced its ability to resist risks. Once the textbook business fails, the crisis will follow. Publishers can learn from the past. Before the 1990s, the publishing business of textbooks was scattered among publishers. The profits brought by one or two textbooks were sufficient to feed a small publishing house. At that time, the publishing houses were quite comfortable. Later, with the establishment of publishing groups, general publishing houses, and primary and middle school textbooks publishing centers, the publishing of textbooks in most provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions was stripped from various publishing houses, and many publishing houses used to textbooks. All have fallen into a crisis of survival. Right now, the companies directly under the press and publication bureaus all face the same crisis, but the timing of the outbreak has yet to come. After all, no one can use today's luck to guarantee tomorrow's success.
Clamp survival
If only from the number of enterprises, in the textbook printing companies, non-directly designated printing companies are definitely a force that cannot be ignored. According to what the reporter learned from the interview, apart from individual western provinces, textbook printing companies in most provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions are maintained at 20-40, while on average, a provincial-level press and publishing bureau directly under the company About four companies, most of the remaining companies are non-direct fixed-point companies. However, if we say from the business volume, the status of non-direct fixed-point enterprises in textbook printing companies will be greatly reduced, and the most daring estimate is only about 30% of the entire textbook printing business.
In a sense, non-direct fixed-point printed publications are more like a kind of embellishment in textbook printing companies. Although from the out, they already have the primary condition for printing textbooks - two-point set, but in most cases they are supplemented by printing companies directly under the Press and Publication Bureau. When an industry person explains the role of non-direct printed book printing companies in textbook printing companies, it is said that a significant feature of the textbook printing business is the large quantity and short period, if all business is placed in a small number of enterprises, It is very likely that the task will not be completed on time. Therefore, there must be a certain number of reserve companies. Since people are given backup, of course, they have to give a little benefit. Therefore, a certain amount of business will be distributed to non-direct printing companies every year.
Surviving in the gap between the companies directly under the direct control of the company, although fortunately some of the non-direct sentinel companies that have obtained some textbook printing business are cautiously maintaining the hard-won business, bad luck may come every year. In order to guarantee the printing quality of textbooks, almost every province, city, and autonomous region has a system similar to the “last phase out†- every year, according to random sampling, the companies with the worst printing quality are removed from the team of textbook printing companies. The non-direct enterprises whose equipment power is inferior to those of directly-owned enterprises as a whole are the most likely candidates for this "unlucky role."
What's worse, sometimes the retention of the textbook printing business does not depend on the quality of the product. With the continuous enhancement of equipment and production capacity directly owned by the press and publication bureaus, non-subordinate enterprises that have always played an "emergency" role in the distribution of textbook printing services have largely lost their original meaning. As a result, the loss of the textbook printing business has become an irreversible fate. At present, Liaoning, Hunan, and other provinces have expressed interest in concentrating textbook printing operations in local press and publication bureaus or printing companies directly under the publishing group. Correspondingly, companies that do not have direct qualifications in these areas will be excluded from the list of alternative textbook printing companies. Outside.
However, the loss of textbook printing business is not unacceptable to most non-directed fixed-point companies. After all, the proportion of textbooks in their product structure is far from reaching the level of survival. Compared with the directly-owned enterprises that use textbooks as the main source or only source of income, most non-direct fixed-point enterprises have been forced to survive for a long time in the market-oriented competitive environment and have accumulated fairly rich experience in market competition. This is the most reliable basis for the continued existence of the textbook printing business.
The same as the end of the world
If you consider from the perspective of the usual production equipment, technical level, financial strength, and management level, it may be difficult to find out the similarities between the three-funded printing companies, township and township enterprises, and private enterprises. However, in terms of the status in textbook printing business competition, they have the same title—out-of-system companies, because most of them do not have the institutional prerequisites that printing textbook printing companies must have—two fixed points. . Without the qualifications for the two fixed-points, in principle, the right to participate in the textbook printing business is lost.
However, the temptation of textbook business is hard to resist. Although it is known that the origin is unknown, some enterprises outside the system still rely on their own advantages and make every effort to share in the textbook printing business. The press and publication bureaus of some provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, for various considerations, have either explicitly or implicitly issued some textbook printing services to enterprises outside the system. In the western province of Sichuan, the textbook printing company team contains a certain percentage of non-pointed book printing companies. However, in the words of people familiar with the situation, the emergence of such a situation is not actually the wish of the press and publication bureau. Basically, it is the result of the game between the press and publication bureau and local governments. For example, if a textbook in a region is in great demand, it will require a certain amount of textbook printing rights. The Press and Publication Bureau does not agree that local governments will go to the bureau and these locations may not necessarily have fixed-point companies. The current situation will appear.
Allowing enterprises outside the system to enter the bureau, some places are a last resort, and some places are willing. In the interview, the reporter learned that a certain western province will issue a certain amount of textbook printing business each year to a joint venture with a Japanese background. When the local press and publication bureau official explained the reason, they chose this company because of their The quality is relatively good, and the printed textbooks will be used to participate in the competition and will not lose face. According to reports, in order to allow the company to justify the textbook business, the provincial press and publication bureau also took great courage to break the industry's default tradition of not issuing fixed-point corporate certificates to non-state-owned enterprises, and granted provincial fixed-point publications to the enterprises. The qualifications of printing companies have changed from outside the system to within the system.
But such a lucky company is after all a minority. Although there are many obvious advantages over non-institutional enterprises that are dominated by state-owned enterprises, such as the equipment, technology, and scale advantages of foreign-funded enterprises. The flexibility, low-cost, and service awareness of private companies. However, in the inertial thinking mode that people, especially publishing organizations have long formed, foreign-funded enterprises and private companies always seem to be closely linked to “unreliableâ€. This is destined to the tragic fate of the unscrupulous enterprises in the commercial printing and general publication printing markets who have been defeated by the "political first" textbook printing business in many places.
However, the hope is still that in a society with a continuously increasing level of marketization in China, one day, strength will become the first and only factor that determines the outcome of competition. If the nowadays circulated textbook printing will use the bidding method to select printing companies, it will not be too far.