The Qing Dynasty mahogany six drawers dressing 匣 along the millennium (Figure)
Women's dressing to add color, not changed for thousands of years; a variety of dressing supplies in one of the dressing 匣, also a long history. Although today's traditional dressing shackles have withdrawn from the historical arena, the origins of this generation of women who have brought youthful and beautiful daily necessities are worthy of investigation and research.
Qing Dynasty "reform" over the stage of the Ming Dynasty
The name of the dressing 匣
Old married woman, pay attention to "dowry", that is, with the bride into her husband should be a daily necessities, even rich people never complained maid also included "dowry" category together. This kind of "dowry" is also called "dowry", "marriage", "add box" or "makeup". "Three Kingdoms" sixth back Riboud and Yuan Shu want to marry, Xuanyou go back, "It is Yuan Shu reply, saying only that her dowry is not prepared, as soon as they complete equipment from delivery (daughter) come." But the original meaning of these words is far so broad, especially dressing is the earliest magazine, Han Yu had "temporarily open a dowry," the poem.
Dressing box, people commonly known as "hair box"; because the first use of the dressing mirror, dressing box, also known as "mirror box", in ancient times known as "mirror Lian", "Dictionary" in writing "" Mirror? "; And Because the mirrors need to be supported when dressing up, the northerners are also often referred to as "mirror branches." There are quite a few titles in the history of dressing, such as the Han Dynasty, there is the name of "examined inspection" and "skins." When using the words to avoid the name, the Eastern Han Ming Emperor named "Zhuang", then the "Makeup" at that time was renamed "Strictly", and there were records of "Palace Chen Chenshi" in the classics. In the Ming Dynasty, there appeared a kind of The "official suitcase" utensils, many people look forward to the meaning of the text, think that this is an official appliance, for the use of documents for official seals. But according to the cultural relics expert Wang Shizhen, the number of the world can only be family appliances, not Like the Chinese Department, the box pattern carvings are mostly auspicious patterns, and often related to marriage, the structure inside the box is only suitable for placing cosmetics, so it is concluded that this is a kind of dressing, as to why it will be so "outrageous" The name, Mr. Wang did not explain.
Dressing type
The dressing 匣 is now in the real thing of the world. The handed down products can be seen in the Ming Dynasty earlier. The unearthed objects can be seen earlier in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and there are many unearthed people from the Han Tomb.
In the early stage of dressing in China, the materials used were mostly wooden tire enamels, but also rattan or bamboo rafters; found in the Tang Dynasty, there were porcelain products, and there were pure wood products in the Song Dynasty; to the Ming Dynasty, there were valuable woods such as huanghuali and red sandalwood. The dressings made by mahogany, etc.; in the Qing Dynasty, the materials used were basically the same as those of the Ming Dynasty.
The structure of the dressing enamel, because its purpose is to accommodate cosmetics, is basically a combination of unit types, and the level of makeup of the makeup owner and the complexity of the makeup determine the number of units. The simplest makeup in the Han Dynasty was just a single round box. Cao Cao’s “Makeups†contained in the history books: “...seven seven or eight inches, four inches high, no middle squats (separate)...â€, it is not layered, very simple; luxurious makeup is divided into two layers. For example, in the book of Mawangdui No. 1 Han Tomb, the "nine sons (layer) inspection (?")" is a double-layered round plaque containing 9 small baboons, and the length of the Western Han Tomb unearthed in Xianjia Lake, Changsha. There are 11 small baboons in Fang Yizhong, which is the most common example of a small scorpion. In 1984, a dressing shovel unearthed in a late Western Han Dynasty tomb in Yaozhuang, Jiangsu Province, was typical: the shape is cylindrical, under the cover The box has a rounded top, and the cover button is a silver persimmon with three silver buckles and two silver ridges on the periphery. The outer sauce is purple primer, the inner sauce is red primer. The silver buckle is made of khaki paint. Painted cloud pattern, sika deer, feather man, golden pheasant, etc., the top of the cover is painted with cloud and dragon patterns. There are 7 boxes of various shapes and bronze mirrors in the box. The height is 17 cm and the diameter is 22 cm. The interior setting is very luxurious. From the appearance of the unearthed Han Dynasty dressing 匣, they are all small boxes that can be taken out separately, usually placed in an orderly
Dressing 匣 with drawer
With the advancement of the times and the evolution of makeup content, the shape of the dressing has gradually changed. The most basic feature of the change is to turn the small box in the big box into a flat drawer and several drawers embedded in a large box. . The evolution of this type of system has begun at least since the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Northern Zhou Dynasty writers believe in the "Mirror Fu" sentence in the "temporary makeup, but also the drawers", it can be seen that the dressing plaque at that time has a drawer. In recent years, the mirror box unearthed from the Tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty was excavated in Wujin, Jiangsu Province, and its structure has already possessed the prototype of this type. The top of the mirror box has a cover, and a bracket is arranged in the flat drawer under the cover. The cover is opened, the bracket is raised, and the bronze mirror can be placed; the box also has two drawers, which is obviously smaller than the small box in the Han Dynasty makeup. It has become a lot more complicated, it has become the organic part of the box, and the drawers, such as the resin box and the powder box, have become the third level unit.
The dressing has reached the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the type has been basically fixed. It can be roughly divided into two categories: one is a dressing table, and the other is a dressing plaque.
In the classical furniture of China, there is no modern dressing table with a huge mirror. Until the late Qing Dynasty, the style of the dressing table came from foreign countries. The dressing table we are talking about is actually a small dressing table, also called a mirror table, placed on the case. It has not yet deviated from the big look of the dressing, but it is a modification of the dressing. This kind of dressing table is more appeared in the Ming Dynasty. The structure is the lower pedestal. There are two seats in the seat. There are several drawers in the door. The pedestal has a carved railing with a height of about 5 cm on three sides, and the other side is fan-shaped with a height of about 40 cm. The screen, the screen in the arms of the bronze mirror; if you take off the bronze mirror, the pedestal is a delicate little stage. This kind of dressing table is mostly made of hard wood, which is large in shape and difficult to move. It should be used by the owner or housewife.
The "revolution" brought by glass
The other type is a dressing plaque. They are also mostly made of hardwood, and there are also beech and nanmu products. "Portable" is the basic characteristic of this type of dressing, which in turn constitutes a compact feature. This kind of dressing enamel is still a large number in the world, and it is all exquisite and beautiful from a large number of physical objects. The structure can also be described as arrogant, each of the craftsmanship: some multi-drawer multi-mirror, the upper cover is opened, a mirror is supported, the panel is pulled out, the back of the board is a mirror, and the double mirror can be compared before and after; Different, many have four or five; some front face is not a panel, but two thick doors of about 10 cm, open, each door has a small drawer two; some carcass open the window, Inlaid with stone and jade; some of the copper ornaments used in vivid shape, copper hinges or butterflies, or bat-like, with a pattern; copper wrap angle hollow; drawer button with copper flower basket, fruit and so on.
What is attached here is that the mirror of the mirror has undergone tremendous changes in history, namely the bronze mirror that has been used for thousands of years, and the mercury glass mirror that was used two or three hundred years ago. This change has had an impact on the evolution of dressing. Firstly, the sharpness of the glass mirror is greatly improved, which makes people have higher and more stringent requirements for the perfection of makeup. This makes the makeup procedures and means more diverse, and the speciality of cosmetics and cosmetics is continuously enhanced. This has led to an increase in the function of the dressing and the complexity of the structure. At the same time, because the bronze mirror has been round for thousands of years, this can not be affected by the thinking of the dresser and the craftsman. Therefore, the early dressings have a considerable number of rounds. Since the glass mirror, the dressing enamel has gradually changed to a square shape. The author has a Ming-style yellow pear mirror, the screen on the base has been removed, replaced by a mahogany frame, a wide and narrow three-glass mirror. There are four wooden towers on the top of the frame, and the top edge of the frame is decorated with lotus carvings. It is a typical style of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It is obviously because of the popularity of the glass mirror that the master at that time started from the actual situation and used the bronze mirror. The stage was remodeled.
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